American Economics.

American Economics. A Report on American Economics in English Includes Social Security.American Government-Economics.Most of the issues of the United states are relatedto the economy. One of the significant issues confronting the countrytoday is social security.The United States was one of the last majorindustrialized countries to build up a social securitysystem. In 1911, Wisconsin passed the main state workerscompensation law to be held protected. At that time,most Americans accepted the legislature ought not have tocare for the matured, incapacitated or destitute. Be that as it may, such attitudeschanged during the Great Depression in the 1930's.In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act. Thislaw turned into the premise of the U.S. social protection system.It gave money advantages to just resigned laborers incommerce or industry. In 1939, Congress altered the demonstration tobenefit and subordinate offspring of resigned laborers and widowsand offspring of perished laborers .English: In the Unit ed States, Social Security ben...In 1950, theact started to cover many homestead and residential specialists, nonprofessional independently employed specialists, and many state andmunicipal workers. Inclusion turned out to be almost general in1956, when attorneys and other expert specialists came underthe system.Social security is an administration program that enables laborers and retiredworkers and their families to accomplish a level of financial security. Socialsecurity likewise called social protection (Robertson p. 33), gives cashpayments to help supplant salary lost because of retirement,unemployment, handicap, or passing. The program likewise helps pay the costof clinical consideration for individuals age 65 or more seasoned and for some disabledworkers. Around one-6th of the individuals in the United States receivesocial security benefits.People become qualified to get benefits by working in a certainperiod in a vocation secured by social security.Employers and laborers fun d the program through finance taxes.Participation in the government disability framework is required for about 95percent of all U.S. workers.Social security varies from open help. Standardized savings paysbenefits to people, and their families, to a great extent on the premise ofwork accounts. Open help, or government assistance, helps the needy,regardless of their work records.All industrialized nations just as many creating countries have asocial security framework. The standardized savings program in the United stateshas three primary parts. They are (1) old-matured, survivors, incapacity, andhospital protection (OASDHI), (2) joblessness protection; and (3)workers' compensation.THE SOCIAL SECURITY PAYROLL TAX.This charge was to be taken from the payrolls of the country's bosses andemployees. The administration felt that, similar to joblessness benefits, thesocial security ought to be financed by the individuals who got the greatestbenefit, the individuals who worked, and were at risk to require those advantages in thefuture.A plan that would influence those solitary who had paid such a duty for anumber of years would have done the individuals who were presently enduring underthe Depression no decent by any means. Subsequently, the government disability planbegan paying out advantages very quickly to the individuals who had beenretired, or old and jobless, and who couldn't, primarilybecause of the discouraged monetary conditions, to resign easily. Inthis way, the administration had the option to achieve two targets: first,it helped the economy pull out of the downturn, by giving a meansby which elderly folks individuals could bolster themselves and, by purchasing merchandise andservices, bolster others in the network ; and second, it indicated theyounger laborers of that time that they no longer needed to fear living outtheir retirement years in dread of poverty.Therefore, the standardized savings finance charge has been utilized to providebenefits to the in dividuals who in any case would have little methods for help, andas of this composition, there has never been a year when Social Securitybenefits were not paid because of absence of Social Security salary. (Boskinp.122)PAYING OUT BENEFITS.Social Security benefits expanded 142% in the period between 1950-1972.not just the older, yet a considerable lot of the survivers, the widows and youngsters, ofthose who paid into the Social Security framework, have gotten government managed savings checks. Thesechecks have paid for the food covers, and in numerous occasions thecollege training of the recipients.Unlike private protection firms, the United States Government does nothave to stress over budgetary disappointment. Government securities are consideredthe most secure venture cash can purchase so protected, they are considered riskfree by numerous budgetary researchers. (Stein p. 198) The capacity of theUnited States Government to fund-raise to meet the necessities of thesocial security o ught to be no more in question than the administrations abilityto money the national barrier, the lodging programs, the StateDepartment, or any of different exercises that the bureaucratic governmentgets included in.By paying out advantages similarly to all take part in Social Security-that is by not depending so intensely on absolute installments in making thedecision to pay out advantages, the framework can pay benefits topeople who in any case will most likely be unable to bear the cost of a protection program thatwould give them as much assurance. One of the principle reasons forthe government's contribution in this program, is its capacity and itsdesire to give protection advantages to poor people and bereaved, who underthe private market, probably won't have the option to gain the protection tocontinue on a monetarily consistent course.The government, at that point, is in an absolutely one of a kind situation to pay outbenefits that would be out of the compass of numerous Amer ican families.Another incredible bit of leeway of this system,is the capacity of the administration to change the advantages forthe impacts of inflation(Robertson p.134)INFLATION AND SOCIAL SECURITY.Private protection plans are absolutely incapable to adjustfor the impacts of expansion with complete exactness. Inorder for an insurance agency to make this alteration, theywould must have the option to see forty-five years into thefuture, with twenty-twenty vision. At the point when a private pensionplan right now safeguards the twenty-year-old laborer, it canonly ensure a fixed salary when the specialist arrives at sixty-five and a fixed pay is a prime casualty of inflation(Robertson p.332) In request to modify for that swelling, theprivate protection firm would need to have the option to foresee whatthe expansion rate will be from the second the specialist isinsured until the day he kicks the bucket, and afterward make the complexadjustments important to mirror this in the annuity pl an.An expansion gauge that is too little will bring about theerosion of the laborers retirement benefits.Because the administration, not at all like the private insurancefirm, can ensure that it will exist well into the future, and willhave the proceeded with pay of the Social Security assessment to draw upon, itcan make on-the-spot modifications for changes in the swelling rate. Someadjustments, truth be told, have been programmed in the ongoing years, thereforerelieving the retired people of the occasional concern of whether this yearsbenefits would be balanced, or whether the degree of installments wouldremain stable, accordingly, comparative with the average cost for basic items, making thempoorer that ever before(Stein p.28).In the substance of the administration's capacity to make thosenecessary changes and to ceaselessly fund the SocialSecurity program, numerous rivals of the framework contend thatthe government programs are driving out the privateinsurance business. The meas urements remain otherwise.SOCIAL SECURITY FINANCINGThe government disability charge is one of the least duties inthe United States, and the main administrative expense in the country,that is given for a particular reason. All different charges areput into another store, with the goal that government assistance programs, defense,space ventures, and different classifications of governmentspending are totally financed from one goliath, uncategorized bowlof charge revenues(boskin p.62).When the Social Security framework was first established,it was felt that an immediate finance charge, in view of the compensation ofthe laborer and paid both by business and representative, would bethe most attractive path for the individuals that were presently workingto pay advantages to the individuals who weren't working, just as toprovide for some future necessities and disabilities.Therefore, a uniquely built finance charge was usedto support the program.By estimating the sum taken in by the assess ment to theamount, that is taken out, however to the sum thatwill be taken out in future years, adversaries of the SocialSecurity framework put forth the defense that the framework will be unableto keep itself in such a way inconclusively. Furthermore, ifSocial Security were a private protection program, itwouldn't. In any case, the truth of the matter is that Social Security is nota private program. it is financed by the government.Further, the legislature is in an interesting position tochange the laws of business and agreement to modify thesystem, making it increasingly receptive to the requirements of theretired, which, thusly, would diminish their requirement for theSocial Security benefits. For instance, the United statesGovernment should raise the required retirement age. Byraising the age to sixty-eight, the Social Security Systemcould postpone paying out advantages for quite a while tothousands of individuals, sparing the framework a significantamount of cash in benefits.Fo r these reasons, the administration is in a positionwhich can't be contrasted with private industry. In this sense,looking at government managed savings as a protection programand contrasting it with other protection programs in the privatesystem could without much of a stretch give the feeling that the framework isgong bankrupt, when in the truth it isn't.THE FUTURE OF SOCIAL SECURITYThe thing to remember about the Social Securitysystem, at that point, is this: the framework itself is in nofundamental peril of breakdown. There is just temporary,cash stream circumstance that must be painstakingly looked at.The central government pays out 4.5 billion more in SocialSecurity benefits as it gathers in charges each year. Infact, $4.5 billion is a little value, contrasted with the otherprograms the central government currently funds from generalrevenue. Be

'The problem with the global monetary regime is that there are too Essay

'The issue with the worldwide fiscal system is that there are an excessive number of foundations associated with its administration.' Discuss - Essay Example One fundamental contention against the worldwide fiscal system is the multifaceted nature of overseeing such a large number of foundations with numerous interests, issues, decides and chains of command that have been very temperamental, which are engaged with the worldwide financial regime(Obrien etal,2002,p3). Simultaneously it is contended that despite the distinctions, there are numerous likenesses existing among these organizations included which help in the dynamic process(Karns and Mingst,2004,p27) . In this report, this issue of overseeing an excessive number of organizations associated with worldwide fiscal system is examined in detail. In segment 2, a review of the worldwide money related system is appeared concerning advancement of worldwide financial system and the different on-screen characters engaged with the system. The contention of the intricacy of overseeing such a large number of establishments engaged with the worldwide financial system is talked about with the as sistance of models in section3. Simultaneously, the similitudes which have encouraged the dynamic procedure are likewise talked about in section4. .Segment 5 closes the report. Three periods can be recognized in the advancement of worldwide fiscal system. First is the Bretton Woods Period from 1945 to 1971, seconds is the association time frame from 1971 to 1989 and the third is the globalization time frame from 1989 to the present (Hart, 2008,p5). The main time frame is described by fixed swapping scale system along with money convertibility, financing, trade controls, conversion standard changes and adjustment of national arrangements to shape another universal fiscal request. This period saw the development of universal associations like IMF and World Bank (Hart, 2008,p8). In the subsequent period, money related framework is described by drifting trade rates with national bank intercessions, obligation emergencies, petrodollar reusing and so forth. In the third time frame, worldwide money related framework has been portrayed by rising budgetary streams,

Impact of technology on patient care Research Paper - 1

Effect of innovation on understanding consideration - Research Paper Example Likewise, most cooking should be possible surprisingly fast with microwave innovation. Our methods for transportation has improved after some time; vehicles presently run on sun powered and even electric vitality. In like manner, one couldn't limit the advancement in portable innovation. Presently, individuals couldn't just call and get messages from someone else simultaneously; yet in addition see the individual one is chatting with in spite of extensive topographical separation. As of late, a CNN report about the improvement in Twitter uncovered that people visit with adherents while seeing ongoing exercises and in a split second remarking on the record page. In that capacity, progression in innovation has affected most parts of life; not deserting the region of wellbeing and patient consideration. Among the most noted mechanical headway in this field incorporate the utilization of the electronic wellbeing record, telemedicine, remote correspondence, sensors and wearable innovation , gateway innovation, mHealth, just as other propelled clinical devices, medications, and gear (Jayanthi, 2014). Accordingly, the conveyance of patient consideration has been noted to be increasingly productive as mediations are custom fitted to the interesting wellbeing needs of socially different customer base. In such manner, the present talk therefore plans to introduce the effect of innovation on quiet consideration. The paper would at first give an audit of past examinations made regarding the matter; explicitly how innovation identifies with understanding consideration, how mechanical headway affected patient consideration, just as the zones of patient consideration affected.

Genetic Basis of Arachnophobia - Free Essay Example

Introduction A trait may be defined as a distinguishing quality or attribute of an organism that is expressed by genes and possibly modified by environmental influences (Trait). Variation in a trait may be due to genetic differences (such as alleles) or the result of environmental pressure, or both (Griffiths). The underlying genetic bases for some traits and their variants are known while others remain elusive. Pedigree analysis is a useful tool for investigating whether a trait can be inherited. The benefits of determining inheritance and its pattern (e.g., dominant vs. recessive, autosomal vs. X-linked) include increasing our understanding of disease and how to treat or prevent it, making predictions from genotype to phenotype in varying environments, and growth potential (Korte). Arachnophobia, or irrational fear of spiders, is one of the most common phobias. Estimates of prevalence vary, but likely 3-7% of the population suffers from arachnophobia (Arachnophobia: Why People Are Scared of Spiders). There have been studies conducted to explore whether arachnophobia is a learned behavior as the result of a terrifying experience with spiders or genetically determined or both (Buddle). Conclusions from these studies are not consistent and so present the opportunity for further study (Buddle). A better insight into underlying causes of this phobia may suggest more effective treatment and prevention strategies. As mentioned above, some research has attempted to address whether arachnophobia is due to genetic or environmental causes; however, no definitive basis has been found. Individuals suffering from this phobia are more likely to be female, but cause of this gender bias has not been determined (Buddle). The behavior also tends to run in families, although it is difficult to rule out conditioning in people who live in the same environment (Buddle). Hettema and colleagues studied identical and fraternal twin responses to spiders and snakes. They found significant genetic contributions to phobic behavior (Hettema). In addition, Dias and colleagues have demonstrated that exposure to a smell in mice, along with an electrical shock, can condition the animals to exhibit a phobic response to the smell. This response was shown to be heritable, due to epigenetic changes that were able to be passed down through generations (Dias). The Bliss Family pedigree, spanning four generations, was established to investigate the heritability of arachnophobia. The hypothesis employed was if arachnophobia is inherited (passed down from parents to offspring), then it is autosomal recessive. Materials and Methods A pedigree for the Bliss family that included four generations was drawn. All members were identified by generation and number, and affected individuals were indicated by a shaded symbol. Arachnophobia was defined for the purposes of this study as an extreme fear of being near, touching, or manipulating spiders under any circumstances starting at least one year ago and continuing to the present time. In all cases, the affected individuals expressed a phobia that began very early in life and continued for many years, if not decades. The data were analyzed to determine trait inheritance, and if present, pattern of inheritance. Results Figure 1 shows a family pedigree that spanned four generations. Individual IV 3 was affected by arachnophobia, but her maternal ancestry contained no members who suffered from the behavior. On her paternal side, five additional members, all female, were identified as being affected as shown in Figure 1. These individuals were found in every generation and appeared in a ratio of 1:2 to 1:3 (affected:unaffected). Discussion The hypothesis that was being tested was if arachnophobia is inherited (passed down from parents to offspring), then it is autosomal recessive. Examination of this pedigree supports this hypothesis overall. It is reasonable to conclude from the pedigree that the individuals in generation IV who were arachnophobic (individuals 2 and 3) possessed the trait at least in part due to inheritance from the common grandmother II 4. Also, individual IV 3 was affected, but her parents were not, lending weight that it is recessive. While the pedigree does support heritability of the trait, it does not show a perfect pattern of autosomal recessive inheritance (affected males and females approximately equal in number). The presence of the trait only in females is interesting. It is very likely that the trait is not X-linked recessive since X-linked recessive traits are only expressed in males or homozygous females. However, gender bias in expression of the trait in this pedigree does raise questions about whether the trait is influenced by some other sex-specific factor, such as a hormonal influence on gene expression, or other epigenetic influences. The method for determining the presence or absence of the trait in any individual involved only asking about attitudes toward spiders (the members assessed themselves). This subjective assessment is a potential source of bias since one persons understanding of what it means to have a fear of spiders could be very different from anothers. A more objective measure of arachnophobia would provide more reliable data regarding the trait in members of the pedigree. This might involve use of a standardized set of questions regarding fear of spiders or measurement of physiologic responses such as heart rate in people as they are exposed to spiders (Zsido and Knoft). Also, for those deceased members of the pedigree, presence or absence of the trait in those individuals was determined by the recollections of descendants which is arguably less accurate than if every individual of the pedigree were able to be assessed quantitatively for the presence or absence of the trait. The results of this analysis are consistent with what has been published about the population as a whole regarding gender bias and the tendency for arachnophobia to run in genetically related groups (Buddle). Furthermore, Figure 1 supports the hypotheses that arachnophobia can be inherited and is autosomal recessive. Only females in the pedigree were affected which suggests potential future avenues of research such as exploring epigenetic influences. References Arachnophobia: Why People Are Scared of Spiders. (2014, July 21). Retrieved from https://www.spring.org.uk/2013/11/scared-of-spiders-5-psychological-insights-into-arachnophobia.php Buddle, C. (2015, May 20). Why are we so afraid of spiders? Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/why-are-we-so-afraid-of-spiders-10263450.html Dias, B. G., Ressler, K. J. (2014, January). Parental olfactory experience influences behavior and neural structure in subsequent generations. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292232 Griffiths, A. J. (1999, January 01). Human Pedigree Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21257/ Hettema, J. M. (2003, July 01). A Twin Study of the Genetics of Fear Conditioning. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/207570 Knopf, K., Pessel, P. (2009, January). Individual response differences in spider phobia: Comparing phobic and non-phobic women of different reactivity levels. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18781450 Korte, A., Farlow, A. (2013, July 22). The advantages and limitations of trait analysis with GWAS: A review. Retrieved from https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-4811-9-29 Trait. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trait Zsido, A. N., Arato, N., Inhof, O., Janszky, J., Darnai, G. (2018, March). Short versions of two specific phobia measures: The snake and the spider questionnaires. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29306023

Is the Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel - 1510 Words

Jennifer Drawdy Mrs.Marcano American Literature 3rd period February 21, 2012 Is The Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel? â€Å"Is The Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel?† The Scarlet Letter is a very well-known novel, between the scandals and lies. It starts off with a woman named Hester Prynne. Hester decides to leave her husband behind to migrate to Boston. A couple years later, Hester gives birth to a baby girl named Pearl in prison. Hester refused to reveal the father of Pearl. The town then forces Hester to wear a scarlet letter A upon her dress. This stands for adultery. When the town briefly allows Hester out of prison, they force her to stand on a scaffold to show her sin. While this is all going on, Hester’s husband†¦show more content†¦Across the country, some social conservatives are fighting for what they view as a critical article of faith: criminal adultery laws. In the U.S., in the year 2010, people can still be prosecuted for breaching their marital vows. The laws are some of the last remnants of our Puritanical past, where infidelity was treated as not only a marital but also as a criminal matter.(Turley 1-4) About two dozen states still have criminal adultery provisions. While prosecutions remain rare, they do occur. And beyond the criminal realm, these provisions can be cited in divorce proceedings, custody disputes, and employment cases and even to bar people from serving on juries. Though someone such as Tiger Woods might not be prosecuted, these laws could be cited in any divorce proceedings to show not just infidelity but also possible criminality in his lifestyle.(Turley 1-2) When the Puritans came to this land, they left a country where the English treated adultery as largely a civil and personal matter. The Puritans wanted to create a society where moral dictates were enforced by harsh corporal punishments. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter accurately portrayed colonial America under such criminal laws enforcing religious values. There was extensive entanglement between church and state, with adulterers punished for their immorality. In 1644, Mary Latham and James Britton w ere hanged for their adultery in Massachusetts. (Turley 1-3) TheShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman, Hester Prynne, who painfully lived her life in shame because of the adultery she committed in a1840s American colony. The way she and the other characters conducted themselves after the reveal of Hester’s baby all show a deeper meaning into what kind of person each character was, which can be interpreted in many ways. The story was written by a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne, only about a decade after his story took place, which meant that society in hisRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between Anne Hutchinson and Hester Prynne1607 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities and Differences between Anne Hutchinson and Hester Prynne While many people may feel that Anne Hutchinson has nothing in common with Hester Pyrnne they actually more alike than most people would think. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of â€Å"The Scarlet Letter,† used many references to Anne Hutchinson in his book. During his life, he wrote a sketch of Hutchinson thus portraying his interest towards her and the characteristics of her life. It could be accurate to say that Anne Hutchinson was used as

Marijuana Should Be Legalized for Medical Purposes

A little girl in Colorado started having seizures when she was three months old. It turned out that she had a genetic problem that caused seizures. Traditional drugs used to prevent them were not helping. She was getting worse and experiencing up to 300 seizures a week! By age five, she could no longer walk or talk and was failing both physically and mentally. Through a stroke of luck, her parents were told that she might benefit from marijuana. After much difficulty they were finally able to get it for her in oil form. After taking the medical marijuana for just one day, the seizures basically stopped. Now she only experiences one to two seizures a month! She was on the brink of dying and now she is living a relatively healthy normal life. Medical marijuana literally saved this little girl’s life. (Gupta). Marijuana should be legalized for medical purposes because it is saving lives and improving the quality of life for many people. It can be produced in controlled environments so that it has limited side effects with safe and effective doses. Marijuana has come to the forefront in the news recently. This is due to the controversy over whether to make marijuana legal to use for medical purposes. People have different opinions about marijuana, what marijuana really is, and what it should be used for. The main element that is found in marijuana is called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC has a similar action in the body that endocannibi-noids do that areShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized For Medical Purposes?1735 Words   |  7 Pagessurveys, about 25 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year. More than 14 million do it regularly. (NORML: Working to Reform Marijuana Laws, 2015) Marijuana has been the topic of much discussion these past decades. The main factor of discussion is whether or not to legalize it and the outcome it would have on the states. Some states have already legalized but for medicinal purposes only. Much research has come out in this decade that marijuana just isn’t for yo ur average drug junkie butRead MoreEssay on Should Marijuana Be Legalized for Medical Purposes?2342 Words   |  10 PagesShould Marijuana be Legalized for Medical Purposes? Marijuana has been used extensively as a medical remedy for more than five thousand years. In the early 1900s, medical usage of marijuana began to decline with the advent of alternative drugs. Injectable opiates and synthetic drugs such as aspirin and barbiturates began to replace marijuana as the physicians drug of choice in the twentieth-century, as their results proved to be more consistent than the sometimes erratic effects of theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legalized For Pure Medical Purposes2532 Words   |  11 Pageshave not tried is medical cannabis. I am an in home caretaker for Holly, and after interviewing her mother I feel that everyone should understand why medical cannabis should be legalized for pure medical purposes. Unfortunately the drug has been abused by recreational users, and now has a bad reputation of being a gateway drug. Some Doctor’s also believe that medical cannabis has no medicinal value. Holly’s mother is a Registered Nurse, and feels that Holly would benefit from medical cannabis; unfortunatelyRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Legalized for Medical Purposes Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurring in many children with refractory epilepsy are radiating from Colorado, a state where a strain of medical marijuana has been used to treat these children. The results are astonishing, yet there is a controversy preventing many children from receiving this treatment that could very well save their lives. Should medical marijuana be legalized? Though Charlottes Web, the strain of marijuana concocted to treat these sick children, could save lives, others will argue against it. Look past theRead MoreLegalization of medical marijuana at the federal law Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Why should marijuana be legalized? Marijuana can be argued for different reasons. In my case I will be arguing the medical purposes for legalizing marijuana. Marijuana has positive features, and how people prefer using marijuana. Marijuana helps individuals get through a variety of things that they suffer. Marijuana provides relief from pain, rather than other medications out there. Many individuals prefer marijuana over anything else to relax. An argument on why people using marijuana spend moreRead MoreThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen debating among themselves whether or not marijuana should be legalized in America. Marijuana is a drug that can be smoked or eaten. It is grown from the ground and gives the user a sense of a hallucinogenic high. It goes by many names such as Mary Jane, kush, grass, weed, pot, green, cannabis, hemp, or chronic. Some say that marijuana is not as bad as alcohol. Some say that marijuana is safe. Some hippies say that marijuana is natural and should be spread throughout the world. It is debatedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?893 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Marijuana Tax Act OF 1973. Nevertheless, today, some countries have legalized cannabis while other countries have not. Moreover, in the United States, some states such as Washington and Colorado have also legalized the possession and usage of marijuana for medical purposes. On the other hand, various penalties are imposed for use or possession of cannabis in most states. Marijuana should be legalize because of the medical and economical adavnages it possesses. Primarily, cannabis should be legalizedRead MoreMarijuana Should Not Be Beneficial For Medical Purposes1080 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana has proven to be beneficial for medical purposes. It has therapeutic effects that will ultimately allow patients with adverse health conditions to improve their quality of life. Legalizing marijuana can also improve the state of the United States’ economy through taxation and creation of job opportunities. Additionally, it can reduce the crime rate in the United States and save the United States tons of money. Contrarily, marijuana should not be legalized for recreational usage. ExtensiveRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?958 Words   |  4 Pagesand use of cannabis, also commonly known as marijuana is considered illegal. Nevertheless, today, some countries have legalized cannabis while other countries have not. In particular, small quantities of cannabis have been allowed in regions such as Europe, North America and South America (Ga rdner and Anderson,2012). Moreover, in the United States, states such as Washington or Colorado have also legalized the possession and usage of marijuana for medical reasons ( Siegel and Worrall, 2014). As inRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuan The Time For Change1359 Words   |  6 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: The Time for Change Marijuana has been an ongoing controversial issue for quite some time now. According to the national institution on drug abuse, â€Å"Marijuana—also called weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane, and a vast number of other slang terms—is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa— the hemp plant.† (National Institution on Drug Abuse). Today twenty-three states and the District of Columbia currently have

Greek Mythology and Religion Essay Example For Students

Greek Mythology and Religion Essay Mythology is the study and interpretation of myth and the body of myths of a particular culture. Myth is a complex cultural phenomenon that can be approached from a number of viewpoints. In general, myth is a narrative that describes and portrays in symbolic language the origin of the basic elements and assumptions of a culture. Mythic narrative relates, for example, how the world began, how humans and animals were created, and how certain customs, gestures, or forms of human activities originated. Almost all cultures possess or at one time possessed and lived in terms of myths. Myths differ from fairy tales in that they refer to a time that is different from ordinary. The time sequence of myth is extraordinary- an other time the time before the conventional world came into being. Because myths refer to an extraordinary time and place and to gods and other supernatural beings and processes, they have usually been seen as aspects of religion. Because of the inclusive nature of myth, however, it can illustrate many aspects of individual and cultural life. Meaning and interpretationFrom the beginnings of Western culture, myth has presented a problem of meaning and interpretation, and a history of controversy has gathered about both the value and the status of mythology.Myth, History, and ReasonIn the Greek heritage of the West, myth or mythos has always been in tension with reason or logos, which signified the sensible and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality. The Greek philosophers Xenophanes, Plato, and Aristotle, for example, exalted reason and made sarcastic criticisms of myth as a proper way of knowing reality. The distinctions between reason and myth and between myth and history, although essential, were never quite absolute. Aristotle concluded that in some of the early Greek creation myths, logos and mythos overlapped. Plato used myths as metaphors and also as literary devices in developing an argument. Western Mythical TraditionsThe debate over whether myth, reason, or history best expresses the meaning of the reality of the gods, humans, and nature has continued in Western culture as a legacy from its earliest traditions. Among these traditions were the myths of the Greeks. Adopted and assimilated by the Romans, they furnished literary, philosophical, and artistic inspiration to such later periods as the Renaissance and the romantic era. The pagan tribes of Europe furnished another body of tradition. After these tribes became part of Christendom, elements of their mythologies persisted as the folkloric substratum of various European cultures.Greek religion and mythology are supernatural beliefs and ritual observances of the ancient Greeks, commonly related to a diffuse and contradictory body of stories and legends. The most notable features of this religion were many gods having different personalities having human form and feelings, the absence of any established religious rules or authoritative revelation such as, for example, the Bible, the strong use of rituals, and the government almost completely subordinating the populations religious beliefs. Apart from the mystery cults, most of the early religions in Greece are not solemn or serious in nature nor do they contain the concepts of fanaticism or mystical inspiration, which were Asian beliefs and did not appear until the Hellenistic period (about 323-146 B. C.). At its first appearance in classical literature, Greek mythology had already received its definitive form. Some divinities were either introduced or developed more fully at a later date, but in Homers Iliad and Odyssey the major Olympian gods appear in substantially the forms they retained until paganism ceased to exist. Homer usually is considered responsible for the highly developed personifications of the gods and the comparative rationalism that characterized Greek religious thought. In general Greek gods were divided into those of heaven, earth, and sea; frequently, however, the gods governing the earth and sea constituted a single category. Principal DivinitiesThe celestial gods were thought to dwell in the sky or on Mount Olympus in Thessaly. The Earth, or chthonic (Gr. The difference between price and non price competition Essay Public gratitude was expressed for being unexpectedly delivered from evil happenings or for being unusually prosperous. Organization and BeliefsDespite its central position in both private and public life, Greek religion was notably lacking in an organized professional priesthood. At the sites of the mysteries, as at Eleusis, and the oracles, as at Delphi, the priests exercised great authority, but usually they were merely official representatives of the community, chosen as other officers were, or sometimes permitted to buy their position. Even when the office was hereditary or confined to a certain family, it was not regarded as conferring upon its possessor any particular knowledge of the will of the gods or any special power to constrain them. The Greeks saw no need for an intermediary between themselves and their gods. Greek ideas about the soul and the afterlife were indefinite, but it was apparently the popular belief that the soul survived the body. It either hovered about the tomb or departed to a region where it led a sad existence needing the offerings brought by relatives. The disembodied soul was also presumed to have the power of inflicting injury on the living, and proper funeral rites were held to ensure the peace and goodwill of the deceased. Within the framework of Greek worship of many gods are traces of the belief that all natural objects are endowed with spirits. Fetishism, the belief in the magical efficacy of objects employed as talismans against evil, was another feature of early Greek religion. Examples of fetishes are the sacred stones, sometimes regarded as images of specific deities, such as the pyramidal Zeus at Phlius or the rough stones called the Graces at the ruined city of Orchomenus in Boeotia. OriginsAncient Greek religion has been the subject of speculation and research from classic times to the present. Herodotus believed that the rites of many of the gods had been derived from the Egyptians. Prodicus of Ceos (5th cent. B.C. ), a Sophist philosopher, seems to have taught that the gods were simply personifications of natural phenomena, such as the sun, moon, winds, and water. Euhemerus (370?-298 B.C. ), a historian of myths believed, and many other shared this belief, that myths were the distortions of history and that gods were the idealized heroes of the past. Modern etymology and anthropology research produced the theory that Greek religion resulted from a combination of Indo-European beliefs and ideas and customs native to the Mediterranean countries since the original inhabitants of those lands were conquered by Indo-European invaders. The basic elements of classical Greek religion were, in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, somewhat modified and supplemented by the influences of philosophy, Middle Eastern cults, and changes in popular belief (as shown, for instance, in the rise of the cult of Fortune, or Tyche). The main outlines of the official religion, however, remained unchanged.BibliographyAncient Myths, by Norma Lorre Goodrich Meridian Books (July 1994)The Greek Gods, by Bernard Evslin (August 1995)Greek Myths, by Olivia E. Coolidge (December 1949) Greek and Egyptian Mythologies, by Yves Bonnefoy (November 1992) Gods and Heroes; Story of Greek Mythology, by Michael Foss (September 1995) Funk and Wagnalls, New EncyclopediaMultipedia CD-ROM for windows